Which payment method is typically a fixed price for the project with a fixed architect fee?

• A. Stipulated lump sum
• B. Fixed fee + expenses
• C. Percentage of construction cost
• D. Hourly to a maximum + expenses

Answer: (A)

This question is about when a project can be billed with a single, upfront price. The fixed-price, project-wide arrangement is the lump-sum (stipulated lump sum) approach. Here, once the scope and deliverables are defined, the architect agrees to complete the work for one set amount, giving cost certainty to the client and placing the risk of scope changes on the architect.

Other methods involve variable costs: a fixed fee plus reimbursable expenses can push the total beyond the base fee if expenses rise; a percentage of construction cost scales the fee with the project size; and hourly to a maximum plus expenses bills by time spent, capped but not truly fixed.